Incarceration Rates of Minorities in the US

Incarceration Rates of Minorities in the US With law enforcement poised to eliminate crime and the people who commit it, the building of new jails and prison seem to be the likeliest answer to the problem. Throughout American history, minorities have always been portrayed as dark and evil to name a couple of stereotypes. With the help of television and other means of media the focus has been set to create a mental consciousness to presume every black, Hispanic, and anyone closely related as armed and extremely dangerous. This has cause an unfair disadvantage for people of color, but has left the perception of the white race crystal clean. Just as there are bad people everywhere, there are bad cops, judges, and politicians in every police department, court house, and legislative branch that forge evidence to meet arrest quotas that the system needs to have in place; setup by the elitist to fund their need to have slave labor for their manufacturing companies. Some minorities have been falsely accused and persuaded by police bru tality in order to coerce false confessions, and the judges fall in their place to announce the sentencing. Throughout years of focusing on media events that always place blacks and other minorities in a position of being the bad guy. Today the jail and prison population is primarily made up of blacks. Although there are Hispanics, as well whites, the main overcrowding comes from blacks being locked up on frivolous charges. But there’s a deeper reason behind why this injustice is happening to blacks, and it all stems from the system’s need of the incarceration of minorities. To test the influence of local county politics on minority incarceration rates, data are collected at the county level in most states to create a pooled cross-sectional data set. OLS regression models predicting black, Hispanic, and white incarceration rates in state prison are used in the analysis. Counties ideological orientations and racial and ethnic contextual characteristics significantly impact minority incarceration rates. Greater ideological conservatism within counties is associated with higher rates as a proportion of their population of both black and Hispanic incarceration. Consistent with racial threat theory, results show counties with greater racial and ethnic diversity are more likely to incarcerate blacks and Hispanics. Tests for interaction effects indicate that greater county diversity decreases the punitive effects of ideological conservatism on minority incarceration. Political forces nested within states systematically shape how state government incarceration p ower is distributed across different racial and ethnic groups. (Bridges and Crutchfield, 1988; Greenberg and West, 2001; Western, 2006; Yates, 1997), The punitive paradigm that has characterized U.S. crime policy over the past three decades has led to important concerns about the distribution of one of government’s most intrusive powers; the ability to deprive citizen of their liberty through imprisonment across different racial and ethnic groups. It has been well documented that blacks are six to eight times more likely to be incarcerated relative to whites. (Western, 2006). Hispanics are over three and one-half times more likely to be incarcerated than whites. Blacks and Hispanics, together, account for nearly two-thirds of the state prison population. Disparities such as these within the criminal justice system have long engendered heated debate about principles of equality and civil rights. Imprisonment rates between the states are shown to be a function of a variety of state-level political and legal factors. From this research, there is clear evidence that political forces cause states to incarcerate at widely different rates, with minorities living in a particular state either more or less likely to be imprisoned, depending in part, on the politics within. Yet, while these studies have significantly advanced our understanding of the politics of incarceration, state-level studies often mask the fact that a state’s ‘‘use’’ of incarceration is largely a byproduct of political processes found at the local (county) level of government. When analyzing the politics of incarceration from the bottom up, top-dow n political forces like the partisan control of state-level institutions or state sentencing laws effectively become standardized, suggesting that local politics retains significant leverage over how a state’s imprisonment powers are allocated Given this, however, we know little about the extent to which incarceration rates are systematically tied to local environments and whether local politics systematically shape the imprisonment ratesof racial and ethnic minority groups. Two primary questions motivate this research: Do political forces shaped by the local ideological and racial and ethnic environment affect incarceration rates in ways that are disproportionately detrimental to racial and ethnic minorities? Second, to what extent does the racial and ethnic context interact with localized Ideological orientations to affect minority incarceration rates? Or, put another way, can diversity levels in a given jurisdiction work to strengthen or weaken the propensity of those who might, because of their ideological beliefs, be already more inclined to incarcerate minorities? Conservatives tend to view criminal activity as a matter of personal choice and focus on deterrence and incapacitation based policy responses. Beckett and Western (2001). Conservatives have been more likely to use incapacitation as a means to control a marginalized ‘‘underclass’’ of citizens that threatens the economic and political interests of elites. (Scheingold,1984), In contrast, ideological liberals tend to view crime as a function of structural impediments to success and place more emphasis on crime prevention policies rather than punishment after the fact. Beckett, and Sasson (2004). If ideological conservatives are more inclined to incarcerate, these orientations might also be expected to influence the target of those policies with racial minorities more likely to be targeted relative to whites. (Edsall and Edsall, 1992; Weaver, 2007), Republicans used crime and punishment as an effective tool to realign the political electorate by pursuing law and order policies that linked financially secure fiscal conservatives and middle to lower class conservatives who had little else in common, while blaming street crime and other social ills on a racial (black) underclass, conservative. Republicans made veiled appeals to anti minority hostilities among some lower income conservative whites by enacting punitive crime policies that were implemented in ways that put more blacks in prison, but invoked greater support at the ballot box. Insofar as these political pressures retain their influence on criminal justice policy making at the local level of government, as well as to minorities other  than blacks (i.e., Hispanics), it can be predicted that more conser vative counties will be more likely to incarcerate blacks and Hispanics (as a proportion of their respective population) in state prisons than are more liberal counties. Racial politics shaped by the local racial and ethnic contextual environment are also expected to influence minority incarceration rates. In racial politics literature, significant attention has been paid to social conflict or ‘‘racial threat’’ theory, which offers a ‘‘contextual’’ explanation for minority imprisonment. Dating back to the work of Key (1949), the main idea behind the theory is that when a minority population is small, it represents a relatively minor threat to the interests of the majority. However, as the number of minorities grows, they begin to threaten the economic and political interests of the majority population, increasing hostile attitudes toward minority populations among majority group members. Blalock (1967) argued that a majority groupà ¢â‚¬â„¢s repression of a minority group’s interests was based on two types of perceived threats those motivated by economic competition and those driven by competition over political power. A growing body of research has found evidence of a racial threat effect across a variety of institutional settings. (Hurwitz and Peffley, 1997). If racial hostilities increase in more diverse environments, there are more reasons to predict that these hostilities will spill over to influence criminal justice policy making. ‘‘Old-fashioned’’ white racism often concentrated on a perceived genetic inferiority of blacks to whites. Today, more common white stereotypes involve the perception of blacks as a violent, criminal underclass. These stereotypes, along with the assumption that objective demographic data which show blacks to be disproportionately linked to the U.S. penal system permeates the public’s consciousness to believe that most blacks are violent tha n whites. To a meaningful degree, likely increase the probability that whites associate crime and the criminal justice system with race. In conclusion; this research provides convincing evidence of ‘‘racialized’’ crime policy in the United States. The tendency among some whites to connect race with crime has important implications for state punitiveness and imprisonment of blacks more specifically. Whites who view blacks as violent have been shown to be more supportive of punitive policies like the death penalty and longer prison sentences. Following arguments associated with the racial threat idea, a more racially diverse environment is likely to trigger more negative stereotypes among whites living there, who, as a result, may be more apt to support punitive crime policies, particularly if there is the perception that the target population is black. However, existing tests of the racial threat hypothesis on black incarceration rates have brought mixed results. In so me state-level studies, once black arrest rates and other socioeconomic conditions are controlled, the racial threat hypothesis provides little predictive power (Bridges and Crutchfield, 1988; Yates, 1997). Others have found the proportion of blacks in a state does matter, but in the opposite direction predicted by the racial threat idea black imprisonment rates decreased in states with a greater black population (Yates and Fording, 2005). This mixed set of findings brings the possibility that a more appropriate test of a racial threat effect on imprisonment should be conducted at the local level. Measuring the influence of state racial composition on imprisonment has proven useful because it allows comparisons across jurisdictions; however, these efforts often gloss over the fact that state imprisonment rates are a function of decisions made by county law enforcement officials. If, indeed, incarceration rates are influenced by racial politics, it might be expected that county prose cutors, judges, or public defenders those with authority over prosecuting, sentencing, or defending offenders to/from state prison are most likely to be subject to racial ‘‘effects.’’ Assessing the influence of a racial threat on minority incarceration can also be advanced by considering whether political forces resulting from whites’ exposure to a variety of ethnic and racial minorities, rather than simply their exposure to larger black populations, affects minority imprisonment rates. References Percival, G. L. (2010).Ideology, Diversity, and Imprisonment: Considering the Influence of Local Politics on Racial and Ethnic Minority Incarceration Rates. Social Science Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell), 91(4), 1063-1082. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00749.x Bridges, George S., and Robert Crutchfield. 1988. ‘‘Law, Social Standing and Racial Disparities cin Imprisonment.’’ Social Forces 66(3):699–724. Western, Bruce. 2006. Punishment and Inequality in America. New York: Russell Sage  Foundation. Beckett, Katherine, and Theodore Sasson. 2004. The Politics of Injustice: Crime and Punishment  in America. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications. Edsall, Thomas B., and Mary D. Edsall. 1992. Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights,  and Taxes on American Politics. New York: W.W. Nortan Company. Scheingold, Stuart A. 1984. The Politics of Law and Order: Street Crime and Public Policy.  New York: Longman. Blalock, Hubert M. 1967. Toward a Theory of Minority Group Relations. New York: Wiley. Key, V. O. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. Hurwitz, Jon, and Mark Peffley. 1997. ‘‘Public Perceptions of Race and Crime: The Role of  Racial Stereotypes.’’ American Journal of Political Science 41(2):375–401. Yates, Jeff. 1997. ‘‘Racial Incarceration Disparity Among the States.’’ Social Science Quarterly  78(4):1001–11. Yates, Jeff, and Richard Fording. 2005. ‘‘Politics and State Punitiveness in Black and White.’’  Journal of Politics 67(4):1099–1121.

Malden Mills

The case of the Malden Mills fire poses many important questions related to ethics. At first look, a CEO paying his employees continually after his mill burned down seems to be the model for ethical behavior. However, when one looks deeper into the case and asks questions it is not so obvious. The first question that needs to be answered is what the factual circumstances of the case are. Malden Mills was a factory located in Lawrence, Massachusetts that specialized in making a high tech fleece called Polartec.The company was relatively successful in its industry until the factory was destroyed by a fire in 1995. After the fire, the company’s CEO Aaron Feuerstein declared that he would continue to pay his employees their normal wages for at least one month.In the end he paid the employees for longer than that and spent around 15 million dollars paying the employees while the new mill was being built. Feuerstein built the new mill for a cost of 400 million. He gambled that the m oney from the insurance company and expanded Polartec business would cover this cost.However, Malden Mills only received 300 million from the insurance company and the Polartec sales did not rise as Feuerstein had projected. The company was forced to claim bankruptcy in 2001 and Feuerstein lost control of the company to GE Capital in 2003. A second important issue related to this case is what the ethical issues are. In the case of Malden Mills, the main ethical dilemma was whether to keep paying the company’s employees or have a massive layoff. This dilemma was a mix of personal and business problems.Part of the problem was personal because the company was located in a small town where a majority of the residents worked at the mill. Because most of the people in the town worked there, the company had the feeling of a family business and the workers truly felt like family to Feuerstein.The family atmosphere made it a tough decision for Feuerstein when it came to making a decis ion after the fire. He knew that keeping his employees on the payroll could lead to a bad outcome for the business, but he felt like he owed it to his workers to keep them employed. The other part of the problem for Feuerstein was business related.Rebuilding the company after the fire was going to be a difficult proposition and that would only be made more difficult if Malden Mills had to keep paying its workers. In the end, Feuerstein had to decide if it was worth risking the future of his company to make sure that the workers he saw as family were paid as he tried to rebuild Malden Mills.In order to see why the case developed as it is, it is important to take a look at who the primary stakeholders and decisions makers were in the case. Once these people have been identified, one must look at their ethical perspective and see why they would make the decision that they did.In this case, there are three main stakeholders. They are Feuerstein, The Board of Directors and the Employees. Of these stakeholders, Feuerstein is the only one who is faced with an ethical dilemma in the case that affects the other stakeholders.Feuerstein was a devout Orthodox jew, and this helped form his ethical perspective. He believed that people would be judged on more than just how successful they were. He believed that people would be judged on how well they treated others and that he personally would be judged on the good that he brought to the world and not the money that his company made.One can see how his beliefs could lead him to make a decision that would be best for the good of his employees and not necessarily as good for the other stakeholders. Throughout the case, there are a couple of ethical standards being applied.The two standards are virtue ethics and Utilitarianism. Feuerstein applies virtue ethics when he decides that he wants to do what is good and right for his employees. This fits in with the virtuous idea of character traits that represent a good and meaningful life, which is what Feuerstein is trying to accomplish.Feuerstein is not only trying to be good to his employees, he is trying to do what could end up being best for all of the stakeholders. Feuerstein was applying the idea of Utilitarianism by trying to accomplish the best outcome for all parties when he gambled that a larger plant would be good for the company.Of these two ethical standards, Feuerstein’s first priority was virtue ethics and second priority was Utilitarianism. The final ethical choice that was decided on by Feuerstein was to keep paying his workers while the mill was closed and to try and build a bigger factory so his workers might have a better future.Feuerstein made this decision because he truly believed that his first responsibility as CEO was to go good by his workers even if that meant a possibility of failure. This approach was very popular with the workers and in the community, which relied on money from the mill to thrive.The author of this case ha s a couple questions of her own. One of the questions was whether or not is was bad luck that the Polartec business went downhill because of a warm winter or if it was a mistake to build such a larger plant in the first place. The answer to this question is both.In retrospect it was a mistake to build a large factory that could not survive a drop and business, but without that warm winter it is possible that the Polartec business could continue to grow and that the larger factory would have been a good idea.Another question that the author poses is whether or not Feuerstein’s generosity to his employees after the fire ultimately led to the bankruptcy of the company. In this case, the answer seems to be no. The 15 million dollars that was paid to the employees is small compared to the 100 million dollar gap between the cost of the new factory and the insurance payment received.The gamble to build a larger factory is what really caused problems for the company because it was ne ver able to cover the cost of the plant when the Polartec business went downhill. In the end, Feuerstein will be remembered by most people as a virtuous man who put his employees before making a profit.The question still remains if he really made the best choices for his employees. Other choices may have kept the plant from bankruptcy and given the employees more secure future. Feuerstein did what he believed was right and ultimately it did not work out for Malden Mills.

Globalization Is A Utopian Dream Of A Humanist Universality

The main assumption of this report is to discredit the false claims that globalization of Capitalism is the only viable path to greater prosperity and development for a society. This report identifies that there is in fact a necessity to explore other economic systems because neoliberal capitalism is currently observed to be greatly impacted by economic and ecological predicaments. The annotations below show numerous possibilities of using alternative economies as an altenative for growth and prosperity. Dacheux and Goujon’s article address the growing international reality that is at the very heart of the current economic sphere, that globalisation is a utopian dream of a humanist universality. Their forum suggests that a solidarity economy is a humanistic economy and would return trust in democratic deliberation. Solidarity economy offers a combination of initiatives, these include; linking productive activity to social demands rather than profitability; equal participation from both men and women towards the production of goods and services; structuring of local, national and international networks cooperatively based on consensus; collectively working towards a democratic regulation of economic activity. The development and production of solidarity economies are found in many varying forms through the world that reflect differing local conditions. The solidarity economy encourages individual developments by organised participatory community efforts that restrictsShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesneomodernist perspective A new-wave perspective A postmodern perspective A reflective perspective A critical theory and psychoanalytic perspective A managerialist perspective The paradigm debate The practical utility of organization theory Current trends Globalization Institutional and neoinstitutional theory Discourse The aesthetics of organizing One final look at organizational culture Conclusions 432 432 434 434 434 435 436 437 437 438 438 442 446 446 450 452 453 457 459 Index 466 Supporting

How Do Sociological And Psychological Needs Affect Form,...

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Examining greek culture in the previous assignment made us familiar with the concept and will also help to analyze the Australian National identity. Outline : â€Å"My path leads to the creation of a fresh perception of the world. I decipher in a new way the world unknown to you† stated by a Russian filmmaker Dziga Vertov, in a prescient 1923 manifesto,(Vertov 1984, p18). In today’s scenario, Industrialisation at its peak has given birth Globalisation widely recognized since mid-1980’s, which means to ‘make worldwide scope’. 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Parents And The Quality Child Care Program - 780 Words

Parents’ involvement in the Early Childhood Program is very important to enrich the quality child care program. Some family may show lot of enthusiasm and interest while others may show little interest to involve in the program. As mentioned by Essa and Young, â€Å"Regardless of the extent or type of involvement, an involved parents is a far greater asset to the program than an uninvolved one, since planning, implementing, and evaluating becomes a team effort† (2003, p. 184).This program is a team work where three important players children, parents and teacher work together to achieve the goal of the program. Parents might contribute to the program in the following ways: 1. Excellent source of resources: Parents are an excellent source of resources to the program. Different parents have different expertise and skills which they can share with teacher and children and can be a part of the curriculum. For example, if any parents is working as yoga instructor, he or she can teach some basic yoga poses and techniques to the children which help children to be more focused. If any Parents is working in the health sector, may give talk to the children about basic health and hygiene practices. Parents working in the farming land can arrange short field trip for the children where they get the opportunity to see fruits and vegetables growing and by visiting the farm animals like cows, goats and chicken they also get the knowledge of the production of eggs, milk, cheese and otherShow MoreRelatedCalifornia s Early Care And Education System1342 Words   |  6 Pagesreview describes California’s early care and education system, specifically program mode ls and funding streams, then address the topic of how parents select child care. 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Employment Education and Students Free Essays

1. Describe the skills or attributes you believe are necessary to be outstanding when working in student support services. You have to be able to relate and understand with the students on a positive level to reach an optimal outcome from any situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Employment: Education and Students or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hillside Academy taught me when dealing with students with special needs it’s best to go for an approach where you can talk with them one on one and get a better understanding as to how they are thinking, what would be the best possible outcome and what is the best solution to the problem without a non-violence approach. Students what to know they have the support of an adult faulty member with whom they can trust and build a positive solid relationship with and I think all these key factors help to create an outstanding student support service. 2. Please identify and describe any significant differences you would promote in a school which a majority of the students are African-American and Hispanic/Latino. I would promote a program where African Americans and Hispanic/Latino both have the opportunity to learn about each others cultures so that the students have a better understanding of each other and point out the similarities in each culture so that the students can come together as one. I feel as though the two cultures don’t fully understand each other as a whole and that creates a cultural clash. I would be fully interesting in creating a positive environment with the schools staff and resources to provide a common ground that will create stable relationships amongst the students and faulty members. Throughout my years of employment working with the youth and previous staff members I have learned to be a good listener, a great problem solver in the most chaotic and worst situations, a positive team player and most importantly a compassionate and understanding person. I am enthusiastic about applying my skills which I have acquired through previous experience and I look forward to being apart of the team to make an influential difference in the Proviso Township High Schools. . How would you address a wide range of skills in your classroom? Dupage school A lot of planning. The easiest thing to do is pull small groups. If your school uses 3 group rotation it is easy to implement. If your school uses another method of instruction you can pull groups during any independent work time. When some students are completing an independent assignment you pull another group to work with you (on that same activity or anther lesson all together. ) When the students need to complete the same activity you can differentiate by setting different goals for different students. In writing assignments you can alter the number of sentences that need to be written, how much sentences need to be extended, or how many details need to be included. Some students may edit on their own, some with a partner, or some in a small group with you. For reading assignments you may need to give different leveled books to different kids. You can find many books on the same topic at different levels. Most times your teacher manual will list alternative book options for more advanced or struggling readers. For reading assignments that all students need to complete try choral, echo, or partner reading for those who need it. Math is the easiest to differentiate. Some kids can use manipulative and some might be able to use mental math. Additionally, you can do an introduction and guided practice to the whole class. Whoever can complete the independent assignment on their own can do that and you can pull a small group for those students who still need guided practice or more scaffolding. How to cite Employment: Education and Students, Essay examples

Public Health Management Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Public Health and Management Plan. Answer: Public health is very important to each and every person. It is therefore very important to come up with a health management plan in order to protect ourselves and the entire society in large. It is important to have a health management plan since this can help reduce health hazards related to contact with unhealthy environment. For example, occupational health plan for hazardous radiations. At occupation environments, both employees and employers need to be protected against hazardous radiations which could otherwise slow down or lead to closure of the entire organization. It is also important to come up with a plan that describes on how to manage hazardous radiation. It is therefore important to have an occupation health management plan since health is a key factor in many occupations. Many organizations such as World health organization have been formed to campaign against health hazards affecting our day today people as a result of hazardous radiations. Health of an individual can be affected by several things. This could include drugs and alcohol as well as hazardous working places, such as radiation, heat stress, noise, exposure and fatigue or mental stress. In order to manage good health in our working areas we need to have a health plan which active. This means that each and every worker is adhering to the plan. Hazardous radiations are one of dangerous hazards which are exposed to workers in their working places. The number of hazards affecting workers depends on the quantity and frequency of radiations emitted. The number of affected employees depends on the number of workers exposed to hazardous radiation in that particular industry which deals with substances which release hazardous radiations. It is therefore important to have a health plan that protect both employers and employees from hazardous radiation released by industries while doing their every day work of production. The health of workers should be prioritized in every operating and active industry. Therefore, every personnel working in a particular company or industry that release radiation has to be protected, from these hazards. Protecting workers from hazardous radiations can be ensured by providing workers who are exposed to hazardous radiations with protection equipment (DiNardi, 20010). For example, in hospitals a child is undergoing a chest x-ray, his or her parent is given a certain protective gown to wear in order to protect him or her from being exposed to radiations. Industries such as chemical industries are examples of industries which emit hazardous radiations. The exposure frequency of the radiation depends on how long you have worked in the production sector, where you are in contact with the chemicals in either scooping, measuring the weight, sealing, and packing it as well as the one checking on the quality of the product but when one is transporting them has little probability of coming into the radiation (Gallagher, Underhill and Rimmer, 2009). The chemical which was introduced in the past five years has endangered lives of many workers, since works have no idea on the radiation produced they may get into conduct as many times as possible. The pressure of employers to employees on production target makes the work done on hurry with less caution. Some of the garments used for protection are not effective examples of the masks used takes a week in order for it to be exchanged with a new one the manufacturing process leads to this radiation ; the packaging of the chemicals also produces radiation since the chemicals are composed of substances which are very poisonous while inhaled. Health hazards in industries affects the economy of a country. A country where many workers are exposed to hazards may be at a risk of hunger. This can be brought about by many workers being hospitalized or death of workers as a result of health hazards. (Quick and Tetrick, 20010). In such a case much of countrys resources are used in treating the affected workers, it will therefore be unable to concentrate on production work, hence the rate of production goes down. It is therefore important for the government to participate in coming up with policies which guide its citizens against health hazard. If machines used are worn out, this can lead to increased emissions of radiations. These hazardous radiations make both employees and employers prone to radiation related hazards such as cancer and other related hazards. When an employer or employees is a victim of such hazards, he or she is unable to work effectively, hence this reduces the companys or industrys output thus reducing the production rate. This also increases production cost. The cost treating them also makes it difficult for the employee (Kazutaka, 2011). Difficulties in allocating workers for they try to avoid the areas of production zones where the radiations are extreme These hazard radiation causes infertility among works, since the radiation effects change from one form to another since the chemical being processed are diverse. Risks of losing works in the company by either early retirements or resigning may be observed, and these can lead to enclosure of the company. Radiation hazards in any industry need to be assessed early in advance in order to protect employers and employees from health related hazards. An environment which is free from hazardous radiations is conducive to both employers and employees, hence enabling high productions. There are legal requirements in many countries and also worldwide which have industries, which are to be met by each and every industry in the entire country in order to reduce hazards associated with radiations. These requirements in include reducing the rate of pollution in the area of location of the company (Sauter, Murphy and Hurrell, 2008). Make sure each workers health bill is covered by the company. It is important for a company to treat its waste products, which are being produced by the company, before it is released for deposition. ethical consideration is more useful since they have a direct effect on the workers in there working areas. Companies should therefore be commit to providing a health hazard free environment for their workers. Peoples health is important hence communication in industries and companies need to be kept open at all times, between the management and employees. Workers who notice hazards or other safety threats must notify their supervisor (Hall, 2008). Supervisors and management at all levels must address these concerns and take corrective action when warranted. Everyone is obligated to know the safety standards for their area or job, and its importance, when abide to. Supervisors should install radiation absorbers. They should also create safety awareness in their working areas through personal adherence, personal contact, training, and regularly scheduled safety meetings. Training of employees is very important in a company. It is important for employees to be trained areas of which are health hazard free. (Hammer and Price, 20010). When training is done in areas which are prone to health hazards, the workers will be exposed to these hazards, hence risk of being affected. Meeting in organizations should not be held in rooms where there is exposure to health hazards. For example, in x-ray rooms. This is because there might be leakage of hazardous radiations hence the worker exposure. In most cases briefing areas are not considered since during the briefing employees might be exposed to health hazards, which can otherwise lead the employees stepping down their jobs or resigning as a result of being affected by health hazards. Health hazards such as hazardous radiations cause cancer. A cancer patient is unable to attend work continuously, since he or she is under medication in most times of his or her life. Employers should provide their employees with a schedule which outlines precautions to be taken in order to protect them from health hazards. New employees should also be provided with this schedule since they are part and parcel of the company or industry. The schedule outlining precaution measures against health hazards should be provided to new employees before starting their work. Individual knowledge of how to manage health hazards should be provided to all employees in order to protect them from hazardous radiations (Robson, Clarke, Cullen, Bielecky, Severin Bigelow and Mahood, 20013). Applicable regulations on how to prevent employees from hazardous radiations in their working places should be put in place. People working in areas and activities where hazardous radiations are emitted should be provided with protective equipment such as respirators. Protective measures should also be taken, for example an industry can use materials which does not release radiations to produce t he same product which would otherwise be produced using materials with emit hazardous radiations. Medical cover to every employee is important. If employees are working in hazardous environment, it is importance for the employer to ensure its employees are assured against all health calamities in their working areas. Since the employees are at a high risk of exposure to health hazards, it is important for every employee to have a medical cover. The medical covers should be paid by the company employer, which is the case in many countries all over the world. An industry where its employees have medical cover is at a high chance of thriving since the health of its employees it well taken care of. by taking care of employees health, the rate of production of the company increases hence the economy of the country. Therefore, medical cover is very important to employees working in areas prone to health hazards. The occupational health program can be monitored in several ways. These can be by met by ensuring that rules and regulations are fully adhered to. Personal protective equipment is made available to all employees working in hazardous condition, in order to protect them from exposure to hazards. People working in areas where there is oxygen limitation, a reasonable Respiratory equipment is important in order to protect them from suffocation, which can cause death if a quick measure is not taken. Employers should avail all equipment needed by their employees to meets their heath requirements in their working areas. When health of every and each employee is protected, there is increase in the rate of production. The asbestos policy has outlined all the hazardous substance in the companys premises and their control measures (Anton, 2008). If companies, industries and organizations adhere to all health management plans, hazards from working places will be an unknown thing in our todays society, since many people expose themselves to hazards due to lack of knowledge. Although some people expose themselves to hazards due to ignorance, this is rare in our day today society since many people have set their goods to achieve in future, hence need to protect themselves. In conclusion occupation heath management plan is important for management of any company or industry. Each employee has a right to be health protected while in his or her working place. It is good to provide employees with equipment which protect them from hazardous radiations. Hazardous radiation can badly damage body cells and also kill some cells. A good occupation plan includes all people who are exposed to hazardous radiation whether an employer or an employee. References Anton, T. J. (2008). Occupational safety and health management. Blumenthal . D. S.( 2008). Introduction to environmental health. Chartier,Y. (Ed.). (2014).Safe management of wastes from health-care activities. World Health Organization. DiNardi, S. R. (20010).The occupational environment: its evaluation, control, and Gallagher, C., Underhill, E., Rimmer, M. (2009). Occupational safety and health management systems in Australia: Barriers to success.Policy and Practice in Health and Safety,1(2), 67-81. Hall, C. M. (2008).Hallmark tourist events: impacts, management and planning. Belhaven Press. Hammer, W., Price, D. (20010).Occupational safety management and engineering. Pearson College Division. Kazutaka, K. O. G. I. (2011). Work improvement and occupational safety and health management systems: common features and research needs.Industrial health,40(2), 121-133. management(Vol. 111, pp. 18-27). Fairfax, VA: AIHA Press (American Industrial Hygiene Association). Quick, J. C. E., Tetrick, L. E. (20010).Handbook of occupational health psychology. American Psychological Association. Reese, C. D. (2015).Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. Reese, C. D. (2015).Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. Robson, L. S., Clarke, J. A., Cullen, K., Bielecky, A., Severin, C., Bigelow, P. L., ... Mahood, Q. (20013). The effectiveness of occupational health and safety management system interventions: a systematic review.Safety Science,45(3), 329-353. Sauter, S. L., Murphy, L. R., Hurrell, J. J. (2008). Prevention of work-related psychological disorders: A national strategy proposed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).American Psychologist,45(10), 1146. Taylor, G., Easter, K., Hegney, R. (2004).Enhancing occupational safety and health. Elsevier. Waddell, G., Burton, A. K. (2001). Occupational health guidelines for the management of low back pain at work: evidence review.Occupational medicine,51(2), 124-135.